【RCT+レビュー】ICUの消化管出血ハイリスク患者にPPIは必要か?(SUP-ICU trial)
ICUで消化管出血リスクを有する患者におけるパントプラゾール(SUP-ICU trial)Krag M, Marker S, Perner A, et al; for the SUP-ICU trial group. Pantoprazole in Patients at Risk for Gastrointestinal Bleeding in the ICU. N Engl J Med 2018 Oct.24[Epub ahead-to-print]Abstract【背 景】消化管ストレス潰瘍予防はICU患者において頻回に行われているが,その害と益は不明確である.【方 法】この欧州の多施設共同並行群間盲検化試験において,我々は急性疾患(予期せぬ入院など)でICUに入室し,消化管出血リスクを有する成人患者を,ICU在室中毎日パントプラゾール(プロトンポンプ阻害薬)40mg静脈内投与する群とプラセボ群に無作為に割り付けた.主要評価項目は無作為化から90日以内の死亡率とした.【結 果】3298例の患者が登録され,1645例がパントプラゾール群に,1653例がプラセボ群に無作為に割り付けられた.主要評価項目データは3282例(99.5%)で収集できた.90日時点でパントプラゾール群で510例(31.1%),プラセボ群で499例(30.4%)が死亡した(RR 1.02; 95%CI 0.91 to 1.13; p=0.76).ICU在室中,少なくとも1回の臨床的に意義のある事象(臨床的に意義のある消化管出血,肺炎,Clostridium difficile感染,心筋梗塞の複合アウトカム)はパントプラゾール群で21.9%,プラセボ群で22.6%(RR 0.96; 95%CI 0.83 to 1.11)であった.パントプラゾール群では,臨床的に意義のある消化管出血が2.5%,プラセボ群では4.2%であった.90日以内の感染や重篤な有害反応を生じた患者数,生命維持装置非装着生存日数の割合は両群間で同等であった.【結 論】消化管出血リスクを有する成人ICU患者において,90日死亡や臨床的に意義のある事象数は,パントプラゾール群とプラセボ群とで同等であった.
ASHPガイドラインにおけるICU患者でのストレス潰瘍予防適用
(1)絶対適用(1つでもあてはまれば適用)
凝固障害(血小板<50000 /mm3,PT-INR>1.5,APTTが正常時の2倍以上)(B)
48時間以上の人工呼吸器管理(B)
1年以内の上部消化管潰瘍または出血(D)
Glascow Coma Scale(GCS)≦10(または簡単な指示に従えない)(B)
体表面積≧35%の熱傷(B)
肝部分切除後(C)
多発外傷(Injury Severity Score≧16など),移植患者周術期,肝不全,脊椎外傷に該当(D)
(2)相対適用(2つ以上あてはまれば適用)
敗血症(D)
1週間以上のICU在室(D)
6日間以上の潜血(D)
高用量コルチコステロイド治療(ヒドロコルチゾン250mg/日相当量以上)
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